In any case, the important point about the water is that Viennese water is not necessarily right, as Schwechat’s water source is separate from Vienna’s, and Vienna’s water sources have changed in the last 150 years. The water may have changed through 150 years of modern farming, and the brewery could have treated the local water, which would change everything. This is of course not a guarantee that the water profile is authentic. To give you a hint about what the ground water in Schwechat is like, you can find current water analysis data online. The only things I would say are not 100% clear are the exact specs of historic Vienna malt such as colour, modification and barley variety (which means we need to trust commercially available modern Vienna malt), and the brewing water that was used. This information is pretty complete, and in fact quite detailed. Mashing schedule: triple decoction ( more details here).Boil time 2 hours, with hop schedule as described above.While not exactly new information, it adds much more confidence to this information.Īll in all, we’ve now got the following information about historic Vienna lager: Both the OG and the hopping rate corroborate previous findings from other pieces of literature. It also lists 13° as the OG of Vienna lager. Personally, I find the latter a bit more convincing. At a 2 hours boil, that would be 75 minutes before the end of the boil. Unfortunately, the same book describes this just a few pages afterwards in words, and there it says that 2/3 of the hops are added 45 minutes after the beginning of the boil. We get a hop boil time (2 hours), and a more detailed hopping schedule: 1/3 of the hops are added to the first runnings (so-called first wort hopping), while the remaining hops are added 45 minutes before the end of the boil. While much of this information was already known to me, there are a few more interestings bits and pieces in there: it lists a hopping rate of 1.5 kg per 100 kg of malt (which, after some calculation, should be roughly equivalent to between 3.45 g/L and 3.75 g/L). Despite all the interesting information that I was able to get out of that book, I missed one particular table much earlier in the book that shows a brief but informative overview over how Munich lager, Vienna lager, and Bohemian lager are brewed. Eine Darstellung des gesammten Brauwesens nach dem neuesten Stande des Gewerbes” by Franz Cassian. In a posting about a month ago, I discerned various mashing methods as they were described in the 1887 book “Die Dampf-Brauerei. In several previous postings, I wrote about various details in my effort to reconstruct historic Vienna lager as it was brewed in the 19th century by Viennese breweries, in particular Anton Dreher’s Kleinschwechater Brauerei, and exported all over Europe.
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Details of predictions for future eclipses and results from previous eclipses are available at his website. Byron Soulsby of Canberra, Australia has been investigating this phenomena for over 20 years, and every time there is an eclipse of the Moon, he publishes timing predictions and invites observers world-wide to send him their timings. The usual way of measuring this effect is to time when various features of the Moon pass itno the shadow during an eclipse. Generally it is larger when the Sun is at peak activity. However this amount is not constant, but varies acording to the state of the upper atmosphere. Because the penumbra is much larger than the umbra, a greater area of Earth experiences a partial eclipse than a total eclipse. It changes the actual diameter of the Earth's shadow, enlarging it by about 2%. In adition to determining just how bright the Moon will be during an eclipse, the Earth's atmosphere also has another effect. However if the atmosphere contains a considerable amount of pollutants such as volcanic dust, then little light will pass into the shadow and the Moon will be very dark. If the atmosphere is very clear, then considerable light will pass into the shadow and the Moon will be bright. One, how deeply the Moon passes into the umbra, (the deeper, the darker) and two, the state of the Earth's atmosphere. Since the atmosphere is responcible for the light passing into the shadow, the amount of light there, and hence the brightness of the Moon, depends on 2 factors. Since red light most easily passes through the Earth's atmosphere, (hence red sunsets) it is predominately red light that passes into the shadow. The reason for this is that the Earth's atmosphere bends or refracts some sunlight into the shadow. However, the Moon does not generally become invisible to the naked eye during a total eclipse. In a total eclipse, all of the Moon passes through the umbral portion of the Earth's shadow, so all of the Moon becomes very dark. So that portion of the Moon becomes very dark. In this region all of the Sun is blocked out, so there is a considerable drop in the light falling on that region of the Moon. In a partial eclipse, part of the Moon passes through the umbral part of the Earth's shadow. Since only part of the Sun is blocked out in this region, the drop in light tends to be very small and it can be difficult to discern the eclipse. The umbra is a central cone of darkness which tapers away from the Earth or Moon, whilst the penumbra is an outer cone of partial shadow which diverges instead. UMBRA: The region of the Earth's shadow where all of the Sun is blocked.Īs indicated in the diagram, a penumbral eclipse is when the moon only passes through the penumbral portion of the Earth's shadow. PENUMBRA: The region of the Earth's shadow where only part of the Sun is blocked. The umbra, which is completely darkened by an eclipse, and the penumbra, which is slightly darkened, are the two. Every ten minutes between 06 Universal Time, a time-lapse video is acquired. A higher-up view from above may have been better than a lower-up one. The 3 types of passage are shown in the diagram below. On December 14, 2020, a total solar eclipse occurred for the first time. When this happens there are several possibilities as to what may be visible, depending on how the Moon passes through the shadow. It will be true of any planetary body with little or no atmosphere and an irregular cratered surface (e.g., Mercury) when viewed opposite the Sun.During an eclipse of the Moon, the Moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. This is similar to the effect of velvet fabric over a convex curved surface which to an observer will appear darkest at the center of the curve. This is because as viewed from the Earth, the brightness of a lunar limb is generally greater than that of the rest of the surface due to reflections from the many surface irregularities within the limb: sunlight striking these irregularities is always reflected back in greater quantities than that striking more central parts, and is why the edges of full moons generally appear brighter than the rest of the lunar surface. Later, as the moon’s opposite limb is struck by sunlight, the overall disk will again become obscured. The moment the moon enters a complete eclipse, the entire surface will become more or less uniformly bright. Just prior to complete entry, the brightness of the lunar limb– the curved edge of the moon still being hit by direct sunlight– will cause the rest of the moon to appear comparatively dim. This occurs when the moon falls entirely within the earth’s umbra.
If I ever get a hold of you, I swear I'll cut your belly open! Marge: Goodness, must be a crossed wire! Season 2 One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish Moe: Hello, Moe's Tavern. Oliver Klozoff! Call for Oliver Klozoff! Bart and Lisa: Bart: Is Oliver there? Moe: Who? Bart: Oliver Klozoff. If I ever find out who you are, I'll kill you! Bart and Lisa: Homer: I hope you find that punk someday, Moe.īart: A little pre-dinner entertainment. Listen, you little yellow-bellied rat jackass. Al Coholic! Is there an Al Coholic here?! Wait a minute. Bart: Hello, is Al there? Moe: Al? Bart: Yeah, Al. Bart: Oh, where's your sense of humor? Moe: Moe's Tavern. What? Oh, wait a minute, Jacques Stra - It's you, isn't it, you cowardly little runt? When I get a hold of you, I'm gonna gut you like a fish and drink your blood! Bart: Where's your sense of humor, man? Some Enchanted Evening Lisa: Aw, come on, Bart, not again. Uh, Jacques Strap? Hey guys, I'm looking for a Jacques Strap. Bart: Is Jacques there? Moe: Who? Bart: Jacques. Moaning Lisa Moe: Yeah, Moe's Tavern, Moe speaking. I swear I'm gonna slice your heart in half! Homer: You'll get that punk someday, Moe. Freely! Wait a minute.Listen to me, you lousy bum. Freely there? Moe: Who? Bart: Freely, first initials I. Season 1 Homer's Odyssey Moe: Moe's Tavern. 18 "The Simpson Guy" ( Family Guy crossover).2.1 One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish.First name Jenna, last name Talia.”ĭon’t say: “Olaf Sekks may be a funny name in your country, but I really do work for Ikea and I want to cancel our advertising spend. You would think, but the opening days of GB News have been plagued by amateurishness: bad lighting, terrible sound, stupid words and a total inability to spot off-colour puns.ĭo they have any plans to tackle the problem? Yes, they’ve introduced two new presenters, Dixie Normus and Phil McCavity.ĭo say: “I’d like to speak to Mr Neil about wokeness, please. I always imagined cynical, rightwing culture warriors to be more savvy. Actually Nigel Farage was recently persuaded to read out a birthday message to Hugh Janus on Cameo. No, there wasn’t.ĭidn’t they do this on The Simpsons? Yes – Bart made regular calls to Moe’s bar asking to speak to, among others, IP Freely, Amanda Huggenkiss, Anita Bath and Heywood U Kuddlemee. When I worked as a supply teacher there was a boy in the class called Mike Oxlong. Only a few hours earlier, the former Brexit party MEP Alexandra Phillips read an email from someone called “Mike Oxlong”.īut they could be genuine names. Yes? And? You may need to say his name out loud. In response to an item about children’s toys, presenter Michelle Dewberry read a response from one Mike Hunt. But its opinion shows are at least popular with a certain kind of caller. Where can I avoid this channel? Advertisers are asking the same question. “In fact, Hector has been banished from the studio.” What does it have instead? “Passionate presenters with character, flair, attitudes, opinion and, yes, a sense of humour,” said Neil on opening night.ĭo you have any examples of that humour? “Nobody will be allowed to hector,” he said a few seconds later. It’s a new “anti-woke” news channel fronted by Andrew Neil, but without any news. Really? But who would be so gullible in this day and age? The presenters of GB News. Don’t worry – prank calls are making a comeback. I miss that sort of wholesome, good-natured humour. The mochi strips are a Fountain of Memes."It's Okey, I'm American!!" "I just thought, 'It's a lettuce!' I was wrong.Belarus: " Let's get married, married, married, married.Those three are so bro and apparently now hang out all the time doing bro things. The "Badtouch Trio" - consisting of Prussia, France, and Spain.Anything to do with Spain's ass DAT ASS.Yuumei of deviantART fame started this meme: The Dance Dance (insert country's name here) Revolution.Hey, guys!! Check out this awesome video!! RICK-ROMED, BITCH.Spain wants ◊ you ◊ to ◊ buy ◊ volume ◊ 3.Prussia's "CONVERT THE NON-BELIEVERRR"!.(And Polish fans have caught on with saying "Totalnie".) Like, you know, total Valley Girl talk is, like, totally associated with Poland, like, ohmigod.After episode 48 aired, England's "orgasmic" face when sick has brought more than one shoop or icon.The length limit was increased to 15 minutes.Looping phrases that the characters say for ten minutes has gotten pretty popular.Or just “NE NE PAPA” in itself is a meme in it of itself.It's been done in almost every language.Ne, ne,(other language for "father"),(insert cultural drink here) chodai! Ne, ne, (other language for "mother")! Mukashi ni tabeta (insert cultural food here), ano aji ga wasurerarenainda~~!.EEEEEEIIIIIIINSAAAAAAAMMM MMKEEEEEEEEIIIIIIIT!!!.As a result, the song has pretty much ascended from the confines of the Hetalia fandom and cemented itself in the wider Japanese nerd space. The song then went on to become a giant animation meme divorced from its original context on Nico Nico Douga, in which a character from a given franchise of choice tries to feed tomatoes (or occasionally other food items) to other characters before proceeding to pelt them with the stuff.There's one with Vongola Primo from Reborn! (2004) as well because he also shares the same voice actor as the Italies.Setting The Delicious Tomato Song to pictures or scenes of Ulquiorra from Bleach, as the Italies and Ulquiorra share the same voice actor.Buono tomato, buono tomato, buono, buono, oh! Tomato!.Enough is enough!!! I have had with these mother fucking vodka bottles on this mother fucking plane!!.On January 7th, 2021, Twitter user posted a meme that gained over 2,800 retweets and 40,700 likes in seven months.Here are the meme pages for Bloodbath 2010 and Bloodbath 2011 respectively. For example, on April 6th, 2020, Twitter user posted a version that received over 27,000 retweets and 184,400 likes in one year. The format maintained moderate popularity online in the following years. On August 21st, Mashable published a listicle of popular variations of the tweet. On August 19th, Twitter user posted a joke about Mario Kart that accumulated over 33,900 retweets and 96,600 likes in the same period (shown below, right). For example, on August 17th, 2018, Twitter user posted a joke about the band Paramore that received over 30,900 retweets and 100,600 likes in three years (shown below, left). In the following days, multiple viral versions of the snowclone were posted by users on Twitter. The trend achieved its viral point on August 11th, 2018, when Twitter user tweeted a joke about antidepressants that received over 14,500 retweets and 67,300 likes in three years (shown below, right). On July 26th, 2018, Twitter user posted the earliest popular derivative tweet, a Runescape joke that received over 330 retweets and 1,300 likes in three years (shown below, left). The tweet (shown below) received over 18,000 retweets prior to being removed, launching the trend. On July 23rd, 2018, Twitter user posted the first viral tweet based on the joke, proposing to use Harry Potter houses instead of zodiac signs. On July 17th, 2016, Twitter user suggested using the choice of one's Pokémon GO team (shown below, right). On July 8th, 2013, Twitter user posted the earliest discovered joke, suggesting the use of Arizona Iced Tea flavors preference instead of astrology (shown below, left). Prior to July 2018, separate tweets in which users disregarded zodiac signs in favor of another method of determining one's personality were posted. Spawned by a viral July 2018 tweet, the format maintained moderate popularity on social media in the following years. Astrology, horoscope, zodiac sign, personality, snowclone, phrasal template, f your zodiac sign Aboutįuck Your Zodiac Sign is a phrasal template in which the author disregards zodiac signs and astrology as a method of determining one's personality in favor of another humorous method. Motivate your team to achieve more on and off the field by setting them individual Targets. Additional functionality for existing Agents and the debut of TransferRoom, a football marketplace for transfers in real life, gives you more real-world powered tools than ever to build an elite team and dominate the competition. You’ll face a trickier battle for talent as your rival opposition managers are now more strategic than ever in their recruitment decision-making.īetter shape your perfect squad with the introduction of new Intermediaries that will help you offload surplus players for a cut of the final transfer fee. Showcase your squad-building skills in our most refined transfer market yet. Lean on the expertise of brand-new Set Piece Coaches to develop winning routines in every scenario that will help you to outsmart your rivals. Make an impact at both ends of the pitch with an overhauled Set Piece Creator. Move to the cutting edge of football by using the new Inverted Full-Back player role, while more intelligent player rotational movements add more fluidity to every highlight. 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We used to LOVE coming here! In fact had a police function here and rented out a private section of the restaurant, now I am terrified to think what they did to our food.After reading the menu I was SICKENED to read and the fact. 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Participants can pick which activities they want to attend. will have more than 70 events designed to appeal to entrepreneurs working or interested in a range of industries. The five-day event mostly based at 444 E. "We want to give them the resources to launch those businesses and go out to achieve those goals." "Dayton is full of really creative people," Ferrell said. Owen, a project manager for the research institute, said a goal is to beat the 3,300 registration record set by Detroit's Startup Week earlier this year. If you'd like to, just visit .įerrell, who is organizing the event with John C. More than 2,500 people have already signed up. What is it? Dayton Mayor Nan Whaley will speak at the wrap-up, which precedes a party from 4 to 7 p.m.Įvents are free, including most lunches. WHAT: Dayton Startup Week Wrap-Up and Closing Party What is it? Greg Meredith moderates a chat with Chris Wire, owner of Real Art, founder of Proto BuildBar, and chief design officer of Krush Technologies. WHAT: Fireside Chat with Serial Entreprenuer Chris Wire Speakers include Jeff Graley, co-founder and partner at Mile Two John Hrvinak, director of Rev1 Ventures Robert Walker, owner of Fronana and Mike Nichols, president of Vet Town/Veteran Owned Businesses of Ohio. Session will be moderated by Rob Slater of Ideasmith and Ninjaneer and Slick Labs. What is it? Entrepreneurship session for those who have or who will soon leave the United States armed forces. WHAT: Starting up after a Military Career Morris will be interviewed by Greg Meredith. There will be time for networking and a fireside chat. What is it? Startup Grind is a startup community with groups in more than 200 people. 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Geo-blocking prevents access to sites based on geographic location. Geo-Blocking: What Is It and How to Bypass It GRAM (+) organisms hold onto the crystal violet-iodine complexmore tightly than the GRAM (-) bacteria do. Heat fix and perform the gram stain on this sample.ģ.) Observe all of your specimens under oil immersion and record cell morphology and arrangement and gram reaction. Mix the sample with a loopful of water on a microscope slide and allow the specimen to air dry. ) Use a sterile applicator stick to obtain a sample of the "crud" on your teeth at the gum line. 1.)Perform the gram stain on smears made form the following organisms:Ģ.Flood the smear with SAFRANIN, 1 minute, then wash with water. Flood the smear with ETHANOL-ACETONE, quickly, then wash with water. Flood the smear with IODINE, 1 minute, then wash with water. Flood the smear with CRYSTAL VIOLET, 1 minute, then wash with water. It divides most of the EUBACTERIA into two largegroups: GRAM POSITIVE bacteria and GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria. It requires a PRIMARY STAIN and aCOUNTERSTAIN. Also look up all of these stains in your Leboffe and Pierce book.) al., Chapter 3 and about gram positive and negative cells and their cell walls in Chapter 4, especially Table 4.1. (Read about staining techniques in Tortora et. We recognize those molecular shapes as foreign or different from our body's molecular shapes because they fit specific antigen receptors on our B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes, the cells that carry out adaptive immunity.Gram Stain, Capsule Stain and Endospore Stain An antigen is defined as a molecular shape that reacts with antibody molecules and with antigen receptors on lymphocytes. Proteins and polysaccharides associated with the acid-fast cell wall function as antigens and initiate adaptive immunity. The cytokines then bind to cytokine receptors on target cells and initiate inflammation and activate both the complement pathways and the coagulation pathway. The binding of these cell wall components to their corresponding pattern recognition receptors triggers the macrophages to release various defense regulatory chemicals called cytokines, including IL-1 and TNF-alpha. Most of the body defense elements are located in the blood, and inflammation is the means by which body defense cells and body defense chemicals leave the blood and enter the tissue around an injured or infected site.īody defense cells called macrophages, and dendritic cells have pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors on their surface that are specific for the peptidoglycan fragments and mycolic acids in the acid-fast cell wall and/or to NODs in their cytoplasm that are specific for peptidoglycan fragments. Basically, the inflammatory response is an attempt by the body to restore and maintain homeostasis after injury. Inflammation is the first response to infection and injury and is critical to body defense. These cytokines can, in turn promote innate immune defenses such as inflammation, phagocytosis, activation of the complement pathways, and activation of the coagulation pathway. These PAMPS bind to pattern-recognition receptors or PRRs on a variety of defense cells of the body causing them to synthesize and secrete a variety of proteins called cytokines. (Because all microbes, not just pathogenic microbes, possess PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns are sometime referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns or MAMPs.) Pathogenic Mycobacterium species such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae release mycolic acid, arabinogalactan, and peptidoglycan fragments from their acid-fast cell wall. These unique molecules are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs. The body does this by recognizing molecules unique to microorganisms that are not associated with human cells. To protect against infection, one of the things the body must initially do is detect the presence of microorganisms. Layer 15 The periplasm contains enzymes for nutrient breakdown. Layer 4:The surface proteins in the acid-fast cell wall, depending on the strain and species, carry out a variety of activities, including functioning as enzymes and serving as adhesins, which enable the bacterium to adhere intimately to host cells and other surfaces in order to colonize and resist flushing.This is thought to contribute significantly to the lower permeability of acid-fast bacteria. There are far fewer porins in the acid-fast cell wall compared to the gram-negative cell wall and the pores are much longer. |
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